Needed kernel modules for LUKS encryption

These modules allow the kernel to manage virtual block devices and handle encryption/decryption with LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup):

• dm_mod Core device-mapper module required for LUKS to function. Provides the framework for mapping one block device onto another.
• dm_crypt Handles the actual transparent encryption/decryption of data as it is read from or written to a block device.

Checking available/loaded cryptography modules:

$ lsmod | grep -E 'dm_crypt|dm_mod|aes|cbc|xts'

Typical entries:

• dm_mod
• dm_crypt
• cbc
• xts
• aes_x86_64

Loading dm_mod or dm_crypt

$ sudo modprobe dm_mod

or:

$ sudo modprobe dm_crypt

LUKS commonly uses AES with modes like XTS or CBC. Check which mode your volume uses:

$ sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sdX

Then load the appropriate cipher:

$ sudo modprobe aes
$ sudo modprobe aes_x86_64   # Hardware-accelerated AES, if available
$ sudo modprobe xts
$ sudo modprobe cbc

Then, again, check available/loaded cryptography modules:

$ lsmod | grep -E 'dm_crypt|dm_mod|aes|cbc|xts'

Now you should be able to use LUKS.